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Forklift Starters and Alternators
Forklift Starters and Alternators - A starter motors today is usually a permanent-magnet composition or a series-parallel wound direct current electrical motor along with a starter solenoid mounted on it. Once current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, basically through a key-operated switch, the solenoid engages a lever which pushes out the drive pinion which is situated on the driveshaft and meshes the pinion utilizing the starter ring gear that is found on the flywheel of the engine.
As soon as the starter motor begins to turn, the solenoid closes the high-current contacts. Once the engine has started, the solenoid consists of a key operated switch which opens the spring assembly to be able to pull the pinion gear away from the ring gear. This particular action causes the starter motor to stop. The starter's pinion is clutched to its driveshaft by means of an overrunning clutch. This allows the pinion to transmit drive in just one direction. Drive is transmitted in this particular way through the pinion to the flywheel ring gear. The pinion continuous to be engaged, like for example in view of the fact that the driver did not release the key when the engine starts or if the solenoid remains engaged for the reason that there is a short. This actually causes the pinion to spin separately of its driveshaft.
This aforementioned action stops the engine from driving the starter. This is an important step as this particular type of back drive would enable the starter to spin very fast that it would fly apart. Unless modifications were made, the sprag clutch arrangement would stop utilizing the starter as a generator if it was employed in the hybrid scheme mentioned prior. Normally a standard starter motor is intended for intermittent use that would preclude it being used as a generator.
The electrical parts are made in order to function for approximately thirty seconds to be able to prevent overheating. Overheating is caused by a slow dissipation of heat is due to ohmic losses. The electrical components are meant to save weight and cost. This is the reason most owner's manuals meant for vehicles suggest the operator to stop for at least ten seconds right after each 10 or 15 seconds of cranking the engine, if trying to start an engine which does not turn over immediately.
The overrunning-clutch pinion was launched onto the marked during the early part of the 1960's. Previous to the 1960's, a Bendix drive was used. This particular drive system works on a helically cut driveshaft which consists of a starter drive pinion placed on it. When the starter motor starts spinning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly enables it to ride forward on the helix, thus engaging with the ring gear. As soon as the engine starts, the backdrive caused from the ring gear enables the pinion to exceed the rotating speed of the starter. At this point, the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and therefore out of mesh with the ring gear.
The development of Bendix drive was developed in the 1930's with the overrunning-clutch design referred to as the Bendix Folo-Thru drive, made and introduced in the 1960s. The Folo-Thru drive consists of a latching mechanism along with a set of flyweights within the body of the drive unit. This was an improvement as the standard Bendix drive used in order to disengage from the ring once the engine fired, though it did not stay running.
Once the starter motor is engaged and starts turning, the drive unit is forced forward on the helical shaft by inertia. It then becomes latched into the engaged position. Once the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than what is achieved by the starter motor itself, for example it is backdriven by the running engine, and next the flyweights pull outward in a radial manner. This releases the latch and enables the overdriven drive unit to become spun out of engagement, thus unwanted starter disengagement could be avoided before a successful engine start.
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